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The Holodomor genocide question consists of the attempts to determine whether the Holodomor, the catastrophic man-made〔Robert J. Sternberg, Karin Sternberg, ''The Nature of Hate'' Cambridge University Press (2008), ISBN 0521721792, p. 67. ()〕 famine of 1933 that claimed millions of lives in Ukraine, was an ethnic genocide, an unintended result of the "Soviet regime's economic and political goals'," or democide. The event is recognized as a crime against humanity by the European Parliament,〔 and a genocide Ukraine,〔 while the Russian Federation considers it part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932-33 and corresponding famine relief effort.〔 The debate among historians is ongoing. There is no international consensus among scholars or governments on whether the Soviet policies that caused the famine fall under the legal definition of genocide.〔(Dr. David Marples ), (The great famine debate goes on... ), ''ExpressNews'' (University of Alberta), originally published in ''Edmonton Journal'', November 30, 2005〕 ==Holodomor== The Ukrainian famine (1932–1933), or Holodomor ((ウクライナ語:Голодомор)) (literally in Ukrainian, "death by starvation"), was one of the largest national catastrophes in the modern history of the Ukrainian nation. The word comes from the Ukrainian words ''holod'', ‘hunger’, and ''mor'', ‘plague’,〔Ukrainian ''holod'' (, ‘hunger’, compare Russian ''golod'') should not be confused with ''kholod'' (, ‘cold’). For details, see romanization of Ukrainian. ''Mor'' means ‘plague’ in the sense of a disastrous evil or affliction, or a sudden unwelcome outbreak. See wikt:plague.〕 possibly from the expression ''moryty holodom'', ‘to inflict death by hunger’. The Ukrainian verb "moryty" () means "to poison somebody, drive to exhaustion or to torment somebody". The perfect form of the verb "moryty" is "zamoryty""kill or drive to death by hunger, exhausting work". The neologism "Holodomor" is given in the modern, two-volume dictionary of the Ukrainian language as "artificial hunger, organised in vast scale by the criminal regime against the country's population".〔(Голодомор ), in "Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainsʹkoi movy: 170 000 sliv", chief ed. V. T. Busel, Irpin, Perun (2004), ISBN 966-569-013-2〕 Sometimes the expression is translated into English as "murder by hunger."〔Helen Fawkes, ("Legacy of famine divides Ukraine," ) BBC (24 November 2006). Retrieved 08-12-2013.〕 The reasons of the famine are the subject of intense scholarly and political debate. Some historians claim the famine was purposely engineered by the Soviet authorities to attack Ukrainian nationalism, while others view it as an unintended consequence of the economic problems associated with radical economic changes implemented during Soviet industrialization.〔('Stalinism' was a collective responsibility - Kremlin papers ), ''The News in Brief'', University of Melbourne, 19 June 1998, Vol 7 No 22〕 Raphael Lemkin in his work "Soviet Genocide in the Ukraine", the last chapter of a monumental ''History of Genocide'', written in the 1950s, applies the concept of genocide to the destruction of the Ukrainian nation and not just Ukrainian peasants during the Holodomor. In his work he speaks of: a) the decimation of the Ukrainian national elites, b) destruction of the Orthodox Church, c) the starvation of the Ukrainian farming population, and d) its replacement with non-Ukrainian population from the RSFSR as integral components of the same genocidal process. The only dimension not included in Lemkin’s analysis was the destruction of the 8,000,000 ethnic Ukrainians living on the eve of the genocide in the Russian Republic (RSFSR).〔(Guide to Lemkin's papers ) 〕〔Roman Serbyn, ("Excerpts from "Soviet Genocide in Ukraine"," ) Ukrainian Independent Information Agency, unian.info (07.10.2008). Retrieved 08-12-2013.〕 Lemkin's individual capacity to make this judgement has been challenged by Weiss-Wendt, on the basis of Lemkin's transformation of his concept of genocide to meet the demands of Central and Eastern European emigre communities who, at that time, provided his funding support.〔Weiss-Wendt, Anton (2005). "Hostage of Politics: Raphael Lemkin on 'Soviet Genocide'". ''Journal of Genocide Research'' 7 (4): 551–559: at 555–556. . http://www.inogs.com/JGRFullText/WeissWendt.pdf 〕 In turn Professor Steven Jacob has disputed the Weiss-Wendt interpretation in his 2008 paper, "Raphael Lemkin and the Holodomor: Was it Genocide?" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Holodomor genocide question」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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